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/ Y5 P& A9 F+ S! O, U! K4 t* _Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网( b# r d e0 R j
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, x- e8 }% Z. [ c* ?9 I# ~: gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。2 r1 U3 G2 J+ k3 w6 H$ Y# h0 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* Q1 Z6 m9 v2 t umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：6 v+ w3 t$ s& l1 K, E; a$ S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第- Y9 X+ f% v' z1 X' _' Q8 j* `
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5 W/ D; `0 T* Z' D4 W+ Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：% ~/ R/ m; r* u0 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* h' D3 I& x: S$ N8 O0 l5 ~mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
! e% j7 `3 j- j$ p+ s2 omso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。 o. \3 P# q! Y% T, i- ?' F, d
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3 {" D& \4 t6 j7 }2 t [6 smso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰： H# x* }( O9 ~7 `" I" Umso-font-kerning:0pt">“- l/ h3 _: C, D8 d8 wmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
/ k* M- `* P5 F+ p6 O& d- j- F/ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。% }' V1 I! r: fcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 _ B( N; u& k$ g, ?. A
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2 ?+ ?$ m2 X& \4 O4 a1 x. ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？* ~ [4 Y4 ^9 |0 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">”& A7 ]/ E" v7 b% z! f/ Bmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
4 F1 ~/ l$ r$ E% l6 [5 A7 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：0 g; Y5 g% K7 J+ M4 ]/ k3 N- u
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$ u2 f) Q% k2 c/ {/ G) ]2 i, Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。" y& O7 C0 y+ h R6 H+ k Z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。& D3 I2 g i* B; y$ a
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：! N" K# x7 c8 x$ [) r10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“* o& c! G" {! N6 a9 H2 Kmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;, J! I3 U2 G/ @/ [6 P# W1 ?
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。; w# U! E' I6 S! v9 f6 T
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$ I+ d/ E- i" \5 i h3 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：8 S/ @! x. T3 T4 W7 E6 K: L, m0pt">"9 L$ x: P3 ^: d j
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。 X, H" `9 B* ]6 G' R& j' j# j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：5 o1 y9 d, L* u9 T% l
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# W6 _! e. b' k" i- A6 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢6 c: |# ^ ~0 h) imso-font-kerning:0pt">?" ; e3 c7 S0 m3 a- c& j; l; ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：/ ^3 c/ c9 j8 k7 J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。- {( Z& i% S, t8 S! jmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是6 [3 p6 M+ w- G$ T10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 S3 q: R/ y2 u; |% u
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$ \0 y! h7 H _, lmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得7 X; k$ K, E7 S: {* Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“, N0 j6 f. a" F& l
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) N H* o# B! F, C) c9 f& t& A. Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲) c! g, `/ m3 P: j" b
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9 [* D! j" K9 V; y3 @6 I: i; Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违3 c% s0 R. h( P, k, C/ y9 r& F3 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* i0 ^ |: a6 G0 H0 P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，; b2 H; B7 }1 R2 s+ jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 Z' `* H1 d+ i0 p# mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. f4 M# l! m; O1 k6 ^
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。* z0 a, @6 H: g9 x5 V
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% J6 ?/ N7 g+ T6 Q+ Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。' C! v0 |) V" W% \
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) ]* S- [/ [) K6 {: v Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。& K$ J/ U" C# j# H, r
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义$ \4 u0 S ?( R# [; `) }; T N) Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！' U+ J4 B# E( e$ [ z; k+ U" c4 F' T
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3 l' b6 ?3 k+ E" h3 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。4 `1 T. k2 K2 N+ z) Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述) u0 Q; o4 o) }% |8 p& h' X* i: p: @mso-font-kerning:0pt">2/ D2 e( N( a9 D$ X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊* i7 F" L) O6 o1 W" `& u
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。" J9 }8 }8 Z5 C# gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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" p! N) Z. J3 Q- V' e3 ~7 \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。4 }0 r3 w; S* p7 Y) L N% Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">——2 ~ D7 f: I6 i a5 Y; p+ K- t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。% w4 |. V% f$ V0 m( lmso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ ~0 n. Y2 X3 J9 _3 Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 Y/ E' }8 l9 G
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：/ r+ T. c0 P; R6 x2 d* a3 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“; U4 Z, x8 W' F9 v# a" k% z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。* h; N- P# P0 J$ Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# r/ e: c2 K- i2 r8 sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; e3 N( N9 ^1 Z+ y1 p mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个, F! T" |4 k) @2 r+ [
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" m0 ?; n9 m9 D$ @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬% ~( E- @$ q) k3 }# [mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 y/ `' E, Y6 X; f: Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% Q5 b+ u6 O0 l5 C) F: K
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为' g* D6 `$ p" J* N1 r9 n1 U, P7 W
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! J+ d9 b2 v) t. Y) S( [/ ^/ h, jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道& D! `8 p1 c# R. I0 N* p, { R bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! o" [( b, T$ `+ }$ \2 Y% Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& U: c' G/ E- B b: w6 V; o" q+ U
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。6 S3 D. _0 o+ d) M6 j0 e+ A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的' i/ D# M n I5 e+ f. j5 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% X( w( H" L) q0 ?- C( s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺1 ~/ ~' }% s( S# Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& ^1 H) C7 i4 ?4 ?& Y. t5 L) D z, xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 a7 Z7 @; U; T# {0 F9 d
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思 V5 {0 v s: r7 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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