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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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+ G0 m$ l2 F% dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第5 I* {0 ]- p3 t7 U' Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">2. _9 B+ n( F7 Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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+ ^ j5 M- m0 e3 U4 Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。0 p" R$ N2 N& V8 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。; }5 c0 ~" m$ y) @9 L: k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经+ x* H4 Z& E6 s: z; L0 H. R" j
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& Q5 m' _0 U) D% ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。5 m! r+ s2 W! Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 B3 B) `3 v( | j; a M4 CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：6 P5 g( B4 X. E# ~! I0pt">“6 K/ B1 P. o" h% K5 o$ _' ~Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;. k5 L5 j: A' b% q( x8 D. A
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。' O* S6 n0 W0 _; q: T10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">’”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？) o( i& U4 \2 U+ c* K! F0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，, K T( g2 R& Z+ kmso-font-kerning:0pt">"' p2 D3 f% v1 G7 a) m
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& z, S, A+ V# i8 K5 R% A5 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。1 U6 V% Y6 V N) G% `$ v! @
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& F. ? O) R% W7 b4 A8 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐% a+ m" m9 J# _. l4 ?& R: c10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”' H% M7 K5 m( j! `0 k! s$ ?! Dmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;: i9 N# |+ n# O1 v
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种, g% \( l0 g4 a. r6 F' n7 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# v4 ?1 @6 ~. X8 G
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, O0 K3 P: d! Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的4 u* H9 M; N: e: N( p
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* @6 \' p. |, z* }& ^) `, `8 G! k% ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，" n! E* x% U) e2 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“! E* F) ]; v3 N; X0 A
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3 t/ o1 e8 f! N- f) }0 f" A; Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教9 x% ]" d* ^5 F3 ^/ gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ i" C6 {. o; g8 z; ~9 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ d& b# ^/ }) \- h" Z$ ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教9 z# U! G- Q4 |; T. m7 \0 X
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0 A4 b" d! a; a, x" L$ I3 y1 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。# K0 p, a6 J5 R* H. H5 E, M0 ^% Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; q* F9 a' C4 s. B( ITahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌& V& b. [3 D' z) V8 i S9 n- \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视' j/ P3 c8 H* b! S, qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! \+ w6 A/ ^) x0 G( ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：; D4 ~% p0 d% P; F E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。( O: Q4 r7 k5 o! ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”: F5 \ c7 ~. d8 mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, x7 _( N( z& A/ j1 C4 I" zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语, [3 e9 u- f1 R2 j. B0 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）. L0 { Y1 q; Z# d" M) s3 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 m( a& k H2 ?- v5 f% H' o4 h$ bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 e/ [- g( N7 P, \( w1 f* nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。$ g' N5 f( F* _" a* r. n# p2 ?
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4 r4 ?7 [! C+ b$ g. x( W1 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语4 x; F$ r% D% r% d
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6 T6 B9 o' W% `9 o N) nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过' B" R" j9 ]3 o* o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨! R: n( D) B ^" x. W' bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% [1 l9 U2 K7 d1 v1 @) @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ b8 Y1 g) l7 e& v! ~0 |) J
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人' a8 A8 O/ c8 |# \% m
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8 M- e) ]9 q2 V9 W" x: @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪5 N, j6 @5 O5 I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。( B4 H( _3 w2 f/ R, N
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7 P/ o3 c9 N( I# m. [Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。- V5 A) D; s: X( P8 t% G9 n( f
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, {% ~$ _) n3 Y2 O# F! Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。3 b" ]3 A9 l' g9 L) J( o- \/ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' s4 z. E, B2 c" H
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。/ U2 P) z" }& [6 @
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) r+ b& Z1 v9 z9 ?) `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃+ h: z# s f9 @
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1 o( B! a/ q8 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批, m( C9 x) t' @& `" L- y0 }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”) F4 C- j1 ^6 y, H0 `7 Y+ Z
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( c( q2 @7 ?0 d& Y; F. K d; \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。" A" _+ ]7 V% @; |& p. h- r! C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。2 x) b9 g) y" v) [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于3 h8 y4 ~- n# o' v$ pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; T; I% V+ h5 _' D. Z ?+ Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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3 P3 [! p+ f8 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓5 k$ o T b, H( Z Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ X |: S1 a" P" \3 E6 _1 u
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9 `; M9 }6 c7 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓" d* V5 W g0 Q' ~7 I! P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓$ y) _' k! _; C1 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 z/ E( t0 J; e& b( P/ ^! H& b9 ]0 x& b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓3 y3 K' ?) ^# e* B4 p0 @& k) B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨" _; i% p" r$ k4 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">”) L# k* k J% K. l) Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. i4 H( d! r# |5 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼# t8 k1 N$ _% w9 ^ amso-font-kerning:0pt">“, P! s- @% H' s. D# b
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8 [. F7 y7 y! J1 C% dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤+ T* {4 a, M x1 X/ h. Omso-font-kerning:0pt">”. ?' G1 O1 @$ Z m; Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; I8 F" [( b! u6 u) ~& `
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语3 {% i4 B' s$ T0 [ ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能# {6 @( J( Y5 T
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( z8 ?& V! a2 y* @% Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹% e$ m) t8 i: O! f- Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">.' e! ~' L4 Y- ~ ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 C2 _' x0 D$ H& }* s" dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人 G! X; W. T0 { fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 b4 G2 ~8 u j
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& Y; S9 Z2 F6 k' c/ omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪; v4 W6 Z4 i+ ~" `6 e) kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 h8 A# y R. h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。 ], `) q0 R' g% H
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。: s' @& E- Z2 s8 _# ^4 l
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7 F: Y; n W$ d# d7 S/ w3 fTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。- x; S6 E9 Z( L5 n7 mmso-font-kerning:0pt"> + ?; A/ r \, D$ Q7 |7 q
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/ V" n- d3 l4 }3 l/ Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱, e# h3 p" O* E3 \. ~7 [
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5 U7 s% G3 f. U2 h5 ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧, Q$ ]% e& y( z* Y p' dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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提升卡
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沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
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300x180 AD
