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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： - m+ p& D' ?3 nmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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6 V4 Y" J# r3 e" `5 Z4 s, m+ nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第0 f% V2 X/ |9 R7 smso-font-kerning:0pt">1$ C8 k0 @3 ]1 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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$ ^6 `8 n0 m0 l+ Umso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。% ~- A, F) |, a8 o, b3 M
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。* L3 T6 y, J, b$ Z+ W7 y
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9 C' O; S) A+ v& Q. g/ V% X, wmso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：" U5 K1 R' r/ y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。' D% Y) q, k+ ]4 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？$ g- z# C; Z t, N8 Z$ |
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。9 R& ^" i2 z. G8 m* Kmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' y3 [$ @5 M$ V! q, }6 w* [* t' Z' m
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白6 p" o- Y. Q3 {$ V. b3 {5 U, c0 hmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; }5 j7 b+ }7 F
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学/ q! y: a8 r+ w/ n0 \9 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt"> + x) }' p0 K* `- @7 p$ ?
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# B: l1 p3 G1 }1 n7 M# umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？% V6 u0 G4 Q2 ~/ A9 W- v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说3 k" m8 A8 c, P6 l* R6 r. _mso-font-kerning:0pt">"- z3 C( R8 b, I) Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊5 |* n9 Q. p$ K& d. h( _, n
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8 B" C/ F3 T; O0 ^1 R$ x7 @9 @: eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚 O, ]4 @; M# S# W5 l4 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& H1 X9 b3 M1 x! Z6 j+ \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！ g9 K1 [4 f& i5 a2 c" l
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* Q4 Y( J7 `2 h. R$ X+ pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假- [8 t" P/ R8 d$ @/ vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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- F0 |" V' H8 kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是* X( e4 q7 t$ c; ~
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7 L' m( Y( E! kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题 z5 Y4 |! `0 X, i. i" `: m
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1 ~$ q) x N1 R, pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。; ~6 k$ s& u9 u4 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 P( z% o$ [- o+ K! Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 L. [0 ?$ E+ ?( G. Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴- U! W$ D5 p% e* Z# _$ fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! |! B9 w' k" H2 g q4 P
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